Totally enclosed dynamoelectric machine



Dec. 31, 1946. SMITH 2,413,525

TOTALLY ENCLOSED DYNAMOELECTRIC MACHINE Filed Feb. 10, 1944 s Sheets-Sheet 1 31, smh- TQTALLY ENCLOSED DYNAMOELECTRIC MACHINE Filed Feb. 10, 1944 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Deg. 3 1, 1946. s H 2,413,525

TOTALLY ENCLOSED DYNAMOELECTR IC MACHINE I Filed Feb. 104 1944 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 @MJMM/ Hfira/p' L. 52771151 2 Patented Dec. 31, 1946 t esis llllarolcl L. Smith, Milwaukee, Wis. assets-nor to lihe Louis Allie (Coronation Milwauk e, Win, a corporation oi. Wisconsin Application Fehruarr it 1944,

' (ct in ost) Claims.

This inventionrelates to dynamo-electric machines and refers particularly to explosion proof'electrlc'motors of the type illustrated in the patent, No. 2,185,740, issue-oi to Harold hsmith January 2, 1940.

Experience has shown that with totally enclosecl motors oi the past rather high internal pressures are attained when these motors are tested with, various mixtures of gasoline vapor and air. Inasmuch as the pressure developed during these tests determines the design of the structural parts of the motor to safely confine the developed pressureit follows that it is clesiraisle to'keep thi pressure-to as low a value as possible.

It has also been found that to a considerable extent the explosion pressure obtained depends upon the free internal volume of space inside the motor encl the distribution of this space. In

smell motors which have solid stator one rotor cores, that is, devoid of axial air passages, so

there is no communication between the two ends of the motor except the small space or the air gap between the rotor one stator the explosion pressures produced are relatively low.

Where such small motors were provided with axial air passages or ducts which afforded definite communication between thetwo ends of the mo tor the pressures obtained on test were greatly increased.

Based upon these findings it is the object of the present invention to provide a dvnamoelectrlc machine or" the totally, enclosed type wherein the internal free space is not only as small as possible, but wherein the free space at one enlist the machine is isolated from the iree space at the other end of the machine. r in other words; it is the object of this inventlon to provide a. dynamoelectrlc machine which is adequately sealed against flame propagation from one end of themachine to the other, "out at the same time has a system of ventilating ducts in the rotor and stator so constructed that heat generated in the rotor is adequately dissipated. With the above and other objects in view which will appear as the :clescription proceeds, this invention resides in'th'enovel construction, combination and arrangement of parts substantially as hereinafter described, and more par ticularlyvdeilnedrby the appended claims, it being understood that such changes in the precise embodiment of the herelndisclosed invention may be made ascome within the scope or the claims. r

c The accompanying drawings illustrate two totally enclosed portion of one of rings helrl together Serial No. 521,758

examples of the physical embodiment of the invention constructed in accordance with the best modes so far devised for the practical application of the principles thereof, and in which:

, Figure l is a longitudinal sectional view through one-half of a totally enclosed electric motor embodying th s invention; a

Figure 2 is a segment of e, cross-sectional view through the motor on the plane of the line 2-2 in Figure l; l Figure 3 is a fragmentary detail sectional view taken through Fi ure l on the plane of the line eJ-e;

Figure is a longitudinal sectional view similar to Figure l, but illustrating a slightly modified embodiment of this invention;

Figure fl is a fragmentary detail cross-sec= tionel view talsen through Figure 4 on the plane of the line Figure it is a nerspe ctive view illustrating the blocking rings used in the stator core; and

Figure fl is a nerspective view illustrating a portion of one oi the blocking rings useclin e rotor core. mierring now particularly to the drawings in which like numerals indicate like parts through the several views, the numeral designates the stator core of the motor which, as is customary, is laminated one has coil slots 8 spaced circumierehtialllf shout its inner periphery to receive the stator winding l.

The stator core is confined between two end by circumferentially spaced bars 9 secured to the rings by welding or otherwise. The end rings have spaced inner and outer circular wells connected by radial ribs it. The space between the inner and outer walls of the end rings provides axial air passages leading from the encis of the motor to axial air passages it through the leinihations of the stator core. I .Becurecl to the end rincs are end bells it which are provided set their centers with bearings it in which the rotor is iournaled. The cool bells it have closed inner walls M which coect with the stator core, the end rings and the shaft ill of the rotor to form a totally enclosed inner chamber Outwerclly of their walls i l the end bells have a cored out structure to accommodate fans it which eiiect forced; circulation of air from the ends of the motor over the walls it and through the axial air passages between the inner and outer walls oi the endrings to the air passages i! in the stator core.

From the description thus far it is evident that the closed inner chamber has only one possible opening to the atmosphere. This is the necessary clearance between the rotor shaft and the bear-- ing. To guard against iiame propagation through this slight space the bearing incorporates a guard portion H the bore of which is sufliciently long to extinguish any flame caused by explosion within the motor. a

The rotor, like the stator, has a laminated core l8 which is mounted on a spiderlike hub is fixed to the rotor shaft. The rotor laminations are confined between end rings 20 secured to the hub is and provided with fan blades 2| which provide a forced circulation of air within the inner chamber. The path of the circulation set up by the fan blades 2| is partially defined by the axial air passages 22 between the arms of the spiderlike hub is.

Radially outwardly of the axial air passages 22 are other circumferentially spaced axial air passages 23. In that embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 1, these other axial air passages are the unfilled portions of the coil slots 6. the slots being deep enough to accommodate the coils without being filled thereby. In that embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 4 these other axial air passages 28 are ports through the laminations of the rotor core. I

The radially spaced inner and outer axial air passages 22 and 23 are connected at the center of the rotor by radial air passages 2i just as they are in the aforesaid patent. But, as distinguished from the ventilating system employed in said patent, the axial air passages in this instance are interrupted medially of their ends so as to completely isolate the air circulating in one end of the inner chamber from the air circulating in the other end thereof.

To this purpose the spiderlike hub i9 has the spaces between its arms closed by a transverse wall 25 and blocking rings 26 are interposed between the laminations opposite the transverse.

wall 25 and their adjacent laminations. These blocking rings, as best shown in Figure 7, have alternately long and short radial ribs or fins 21 and 28 to engage the adjacent faces of the rotor laminations and hold the same against deflection but spaced apart to define the radial air vents or passages 24.

slots 6 the radial air passages or vents as communicate with the passages 23 by extending to the outer periphery of the rotor; and in the construction shown in Figure 4 the passages 23 being cored openings through the rotor laminations, of course, open directly to the radial passages or vents 24.

In that embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 1 where the inner ends of the coil slots 8 provide the outer axial air passages of the inner enclosed chamber these slots must, of course, be closed opposite the transverse wall 25. A convenient manner of providing the necessary barrie'r is by forming an enlargement 30 on strips 3| inserted in the coil slots to hold the coils in place. The side edges of the strips are received in grooves in the side walls of the coil slots. If desired, the enlargements 30 need not be part of the strips 3| per so. They may be separate pieces inserted and held in place in the same way as the strips 3 I.

In operation the fans 2| set up a positive circulation of air in each end of the enclosed inner chamber to carry oi the heat from the central hottest parts of the rotor without permitting name propagation from one end of the enclosed chamber to the other.

"The stator core has blocking rings 32 somewhat si'milar to the rings 25 inserted between its laminations directly opposite the rings 26. These blocking rings 32 have solid inner portions 83 and ribbed outer portions 36. The ribbed outer portions consist of a flat. annular wall 35 and oiiset ribs or fins at extending outwardly therefrom with their edges forming planar extensions of the opposite face of the solid inner portion 33; The back of the solid portion 33 may be cored out as at 31 to reduce mass.

The rings v32 are disposed oppositely to each other so that the spaces between their ribs or fins 36 are in open communication with the inner ends of the axial air passages or ducts ii to promitting the discharge of the air circulated there through by the outside fans l6.

From the foregoing description taken in connection with'the accompanying drawin it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention improves the design of totally enclosed electric motors by reducing the internal explosion pressures and that it accomplishes this objective without interfering with and, in fact, through an improvement in the circulation of cooling air within the interior of the enclosed chamber and also over the exterior thereof.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. In a dynamoelectric machine: a stator having a laminated core; a rotor having a laminated core revolving within the stator core; means coacting with the stator. core to form a totally closed inner chamber confining the rotor core and the inner portion of the stator core; means defining an inner axial air passage through the rotor; means defining axial air passages extending through the inner peripheral portions of the stator core; means medially of the ends of the cores including a ring member confined between laminations of the rotor core ior'blocking said axial air passages and thereby isolating the air with in one end of the inner chamber from the air in the other end thereof; and means on the rotor core defining radial air passages connecting said inner axial air passage of the rotor core with the axial air passages of the stator core to enable the circulation of air through said connected axial and radial air passages.

2. In a dynamoelectric machine: a stator having a laminated core; a rotor having a laminated core revolving within the stator core; means coacting with the stator core to form a totally enclosed inner chamber confining the rotor core and the inner portion of the stator core; means defining inner axial air passages through the rotor; means defining axial air passages extending through the inner peripheral portions of the stator core and spaced radially out from said inner axial air passages of the rotor; means carried by the stator and rotor blocking said axial air passages medially of their ends to isolate the air inner axial air passages thereoi to said radial air passages and out through said axial air passages of the stator. 1

3. In a dynamoelectric machine of the totally enclosed type: a laminated stator core; a rotor having a laminated core rotatable within the stator; means coacting with said stator core to define a totally enclosed inner chamber confining the rotor core-and the inner portion oi the sta-' tor core; means defining axial air passages through the stator and rotor core structures within said enclosed chamber, said stator passages being adjacent to the inner periphery oi the stator laminations; means defining axial air passages across the outer surface of the inner chamher and through the laminations of the stator core adjacent to the outer periphery thereof; means on the stator and rotor blocking said air passages medially of their ends to isolate the air both internally and exteriorly at one end of the machine from the air at the other end of the machine; means on the rotor adjacent to said blocking means defining radial air passages connectingthe inner stator and rotor passages; means on the stator adjacent to the blocking means thereon defining radial air passages for conducting air circulating in said outer passages from the ends of the machine to the outer periphery oi the stator; and means for effecting circulation of air through said axial and radial air passages.

4. In a dynamoelectric machine: a stator having a laminated core provided with coil slots spaced circumierentially. riphery; enough so that the coils 'do not fill the same whereby the unfilled portions 01 said slots proabout its inner pe-- coils in said slots, said slots being deepvidef axial air passages through the machine; a rotor having a laminated core rotatable within the stator core; means defining an axial air passage through the central portion of said rotor core; means blocking said axial air passage at the center of the rotor core to preclude air flow the stator slots; and means wholly filling the stator slots in line with said blocking means inwardly of the stator coils so as to interrupt the continuity of air passages in the stator and thus substantially preclude the flow of air through the stator slots from one other.

5. In a dynamoelectric machine: a stator having a laminated cor provided with coil slots spaced circumierentially about its inner periphery; coils in said slots, said slots being deeper than required to receive the coils so that the coils do not fill the slots and the unfilled portions of the slots provide axial air passages, the sides of the slots having grooves; strips inserted in said grooves and spanning the slots to confine the coils therein; and enlar ements on said strips wholly closing the slots in the central laminations to interrupt the continuity of the axial air passages formed by the unfilled portions of said slots and thus preclude the flow of air through the slots from one end of the machine to the other.

HAROLD L. SMITH.

end or the machine to the 

